Synthesis and Preclinical Evaluation of TPA-Based Zinc Chelators as Metallo-beta-lactamase Inhibitors
Date:
Authors:
Christian Schnaars Geir Kildahl-Andersen Anthony Prandina Roya Popal† Sylvie Radix Marc Le Borgne Tor Gjøen Adriana Magalhães Santos Andresen Adam Heikal Ole Andreas Økstad Christopher Fröhlich Ørjan Samuelsen Silje Lauksund Lars Petter Jordheim Pål Rongved and Ove Alexander Høgmoen Åstrand
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ABSTRACT:
The rise of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) worldwide and the increasing spread of multi-drug-resistant organisms expressing metallo-β-lactamases (MBL) require the
development of efficient and clinically available MBL inhibitors. At present, no such in hibitor is available, and research is urgently needed to advance this field. We report
herein the development, synthesis, and biological evaluation of chemical compounds based on the selective zinc chelator tris-picolylamine (TPA) that can restore the bactericidal
activity of Meropenem (MEM) against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Klebsiella pneumoniae expressing carbapenemases Verona integron-encoded metallo-β-lactamase (VIM-2) and New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase 1 (NDM-1), respectively. These adjuvants were prepared via standard chemical methods and evaluated in biological assays for potentiation of MEM against bacteria and toxicity (IC50) against HepG2 human liver carcinoma cells. One of the best compounds, 15, lowered the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of MEM by a factor of 32−256 at 50 μM within all tested MBL-expressing clinical isolates and showed no activity toward serine carbapenemase expressing isolates. Biochemical assays with purified VIM-2 and NDM-1 and 15 resulted in inhibition kinetics with kinact/KI of 12.5 min−1 mM−1 and 0.500 min−1 mM−1
, respectively. The resistance frequency of 15 at 50 μM was in the range of 10−7 to 10−9 . 15 showed good tolerance in HepG2 cells with an IC50 well above 100 μM, and an in vivo study in mice showed no acute toxic effects even at a dose of 128 mg/kg.
